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Fragile-X syndrome is a genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome. It affects approximately 1 per 3000 males and 1 per 6000 females. It is the second most common identifiable cause of moderate-severe learning difficulties in males, and the most common form of learning disability that may be directly inherited. This Update identifies the Neuropsychological Strengths and Weaknesses in Boys and Girls with Fragile-X Syndrome.